Bridging the connectivity gap with offline RAG: a literature review
AXAM Literature Review | Offline RAG for Global South Education AXAM · offline RAG synthesis Bridging the connectivity gap with offline RAG a literature review No published system combines offline RAG, quantized small language models, multilingual embeddings, and educational tutoring for low-connectivity environments. AXAM stands at this convergence. 2.6B People still offline ITU Facts & Figures 2024 89% Children in SSA cannot read by age 10 World Bank Africa's Pulse 2024 47 RAG chatbots for education (2024-25) Applied Sciences survey 140+ Languages supported by Gemma 3 4B Gemma Team, 2025 1. RAG systems for education rely almost exclusively on cloud infrastructure Retrieval-Augmented Generation has become dominant for educational AI. A 2025 survey in Applied Sciences identified 47 published RAG chatb...